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Tripped up by terminology used in the granite and stone fabrication industry? Maybe you’re wondering what a CNC machine actually does, or what makes quartzite different than quartz. As a professional designer or educated buyer, you recognize quality granite, quartz and stone surfaces when you see them. But, it’s equally important to understand what goes into producing premium stone surfaces. This is where the terminology comes in—processes, equipment and technologies that ultimately define how an experienced granite and marble fabricator produces fine surface materials.

Let’s walk through some common stone fabrication terminology you’ll hear when you work with an industry professional, and what these concepts mean for the product—and your project.

Book Match Pattern

This is a vein matching technique where the exposure of adjacent slabs creates a repeating mirror image of the veining. The purpose is to showcase veining, and book matched material is usually polished to reveal its character. At Granex, we incorporate book matching in seams, backsplash and mitered edges whenever possible.

The bottom line: A book match pattern that is performed precisely, using proper techniques, creates an illusion of one continuous piece of stone.

CNC Machine

Now, let’s get technical and address some of the machinery used in granite and marble fabrication. CNC stands for Computer Numeric Controlled, and this machine has a multi-axis vertical spindle for rotating milling and profiling tools. It produces shapes, cut-outs, holes, finishes and takes the place of labor-intensive techniques. Granex has three CNC machines that are specifically programmed for each job to precisely cut out sinks, mill seams and polish edges. We line up fabricated pieces on the CNC using lasers to finish pieces.

The bottom line: CNC machines are critical to the stone fabrication process because they allow us to implement specialty techniques (shapes, etc.) in an efficient, precise manner.

Digital Templating 

This virtual process allows us to digitally measure site conditions—so there’s no need to make a physical template. This is especially important to capture precise measurements in wall-locked tops and complex curved work. Digital templating information can be integrated with CAD and CNC systems, so information is directly transferred.

The bottom line: It’s not always possible to create a physical template, especially when we’re working with complex designs. That’s where digital templating comes into play. Not only does it allow for virtual measuring, information flows to design and fabrication equipment to make the entire process seamless.

Engineered Stone 

A manmade product, engineered stone is made from a blend of natural minerals—usually quartz—and agents like polyester, glass, epoxy and other ingredients. If a product is engineered, it is not harvested from nature, but it is designed to emulate natural stone and granite—with the benefit of endless design possibilities.

The bottom line: Engineered quartz is manmade granite, and we love how it offers unlimited pattern and color choices.

Quartzite

Quartzite is dense, hard metamorphic quartz that is usually formed from sandstone. Quartzite’s interesting coloration makes it an attractive surface option. The coloration occurs in deposits where there’s an intrusion of minerals during the formation process. The color palette is simplistic—not typically duplicated in granite—and it has a luminescent quality.

The bottom line: True quartzite has desirable qualities such as extreme hardness, scratch resistance and acid resistance. Its crystalline sparkle and earth tones make it a desirable surface. Quartzite is a natural stone. (Quartz is manmade.)

Rodding

This reinforcement technique is used for fabricating countertops and involves embedding metal or fiberglass rods into shallow kerfs in the underside of the stone slab in areas that are narrow. (For example, rodding is used in countertop sections close to a sink cut-out.) Rodding protects the stone product.

The bottom line: Sink and cooktop cutouts in natural stone can be vulnerable. Rodding adds flexural strength and enhances the finished product.

Miter

A miter is when a corner “condition” is completed using two stones with angular cuts—and the angular cuts are equal to the bisection of the total angle. Mitered edges include stone veneer, coping, paving strips and other treatments. Today, mitering is a popular effect for waterfall panels and legs, as well.

The bottom line: Mitering creates the illusion of thickness without additional weight.

Slabsmith 

Slabsmiths use their expert eye to tell the true story of the stone—how veins will match, where seams will be. We can virtually lay out a kitchen, enhancing the best features of the stone, while downplaying or eliminating qualities that are deemed less desirable.

The bottom line: Slabsmith technology allows us to bring the final product to life before the process even begins. End-users can participate in the process as much or little as they desire.

Partner with an Industry Innovator. The technology and processes a stone fabricator implements ensure quality, precision and efficiency. When seeking a partner, ask about how the fabricator invests in bringing the best granite and stone products to market. (Find out, “What’s new?”) An understanding of these common industry terms will help you determine whether the fabricator is focused on innovation and service.

Let’s start a conversation. Contact Granex Industries, Inc. to learn more.

Choosing your edge profile is just one of the exciting finishing touches that can take your new stone countertops over the top. But many people find the choice overwhelming amid the flurry of other decisions that need to be made during a renovation. Well, fear not! We have broken it down to the basics so that you can easily select the profile that will compliment your stone the best.

Your edge profile choice, just like your stone selection, will be based on a variety of factors. Your personal taste, your stone, the style of your countertops, and what will flow best with the other elements in your room; just to name a few. If you choose a stone with a lot of movement and color, it may be best to stick with a simple edge profile to avoid visual overload. Then again, an ornate edge can really set off a stone and make it pop. In the same vein, if you choose a classic marble, each edge profile will give it a completely different vibe. At the end of the day—there are no wrong choices. If you go with what you like best you will not be disappointed.

Here are a few tips to help guide your decision:

If you choose a softer stone and it is a high-traffic area, Straight Polish and Double Roundover are reliable choices. Straight Polish is economical and has clean lines complimenting any contemporary design. Double Roundover is chip resistant. These simpler finishes are sleek and crisp, allowing the stone to shine on its own. Whether your style is contemporary or skews more traditional, a simple profile is a timeless choice that will flow with any design.

The ¼ x ¼ Bevel is a more contemporary look that works best in a room with clean lines. The beveled edge means more surface area for the stone to shine.

The 1/2” Round, along with the Bullnose, is a good choice for young families because of the lack of sharp corners. Bullnose is also fairly chip resistant, but some homeowners find that it tends to make their stone appear thinner because the bottom of the stone is ground under. Another complaint people have is that liquids tend to flow down under the stone and onto the cabinets.

Ogee and Cove Dupont both add an elegant touch to the stone and can elevate the design of a room. Many people incorporate these on surfaces they would like to be the focal point in the room such as a kitchen island. The more ornate finishes can also tend to be “crumb catchers,” meaning they require more upkeep than the simpler profiles.

Rockface is a dramatic choice and depending on the stone, this finish can make the room feel earthy and ultra-stylish. It tends to work best in locations such as bar tops and fireplaces. However, it does have some drawbacks. It may snag clothing and because it is rough to the touch, it is not recommended for surfaces with heavy traffic. Although it is a finished surface, because it is uneven it is still prone to chipping. It can also be difficult to clean because of all the facets in the stone.

Additional things to consider:

How are you using the space? If the countertop is going to be a place you do paperwork or know you will be leaning a lot, you may want to consider which edge will be the most comfortable for prolonged periods of time. Most likely, a simple rounded edge will work best.

Don’t over-do it. More ornate edges can put the look of your room over the top, but you cannot go wrong with clean lines. If you are having doubts about the more elaborate choices, it may be best to stick with one of the more understated profiles.

Specialty Choices:

Mitered Edge
If you want to really make your stone stand out, consider a mitered edge. To make a mitered edge our fabricators will cut the edge of the stone at a 45-degree angle and flawlessly attach another piece of stone so that the width of the slab appears much larger. Although it can be tricky getting the stone to line up cohesively, our expert craftsmen are committed to creating this beautiful illusion. A mitered edge adds an opulent feel to the room and makes the most of the stone. No matter what angle your perspective, the stone will make a big impact.

Waterfall
If you are longing for a breathtaking addition to your room, a waterfall edge may be just what you have been searching for. Most commonly seen on kitchen islands, waterfall edges make the most of your choice of stone and instantly become the focal point of the space.

Not all sales people are created equal. A good sales person will go over all of the unique characteristics in a stone slab before you buy it, in order to manage your expectations once that countertop is installed. Nobody likes surprises, and the last thing you want to invest in is buyer regret. So, as with all large investments, it’s always smart to be the proactive consumer. Here are five factors to consider when shopping for your slab:

1. One-of-a-kind

No two slabs of natural stone are alike. The inherent beauty of natural stone took hundreds of years to form in the earth. If you’re purchasing a natural stone countertop, you are someone that values the natural beauty of stone, and embraces its organic makeup. Even within 10 slabs of cut stone—also called a “lot”—the colors, veining and characteristics of that stone can vary, but only slightly. Keep in mind, when viewing the top slab of a lot, that all these characteristics will appear in the rest of the slabs behind it.

2. Coloring and Veining

Veining, or the long, meandering lines of color that appear across natural stone, is one of the most desirable characteristics people look for because of the elegant and organic look it gives. Veins are long deposits of crystallized minerals within a rock that can vary in width and can have numerous branches. The heat and pressure applied to a variety of minerals along with other organic materials, is what causes the huge array of colors, patterns, textures, and veining in a particular slab. However, that heat and pressure also increase risk for cracking when fabricating that slab into a countertop. By contrast, stones that are more predictable in pattern are easier to fabricate—and lower in cost. Another challenge with veining during fabrication and installation is how to maintain the appearance of a continuous vein along a seam. While not all fabricators are sensitive to this, Granex Industries, Inc. uses a technology called Slabsmith™ which photographs the slab of stone and uses digital imaging technology to match veining at seams as close as possible.

3. Pits and Fissures

When stone is forming in the earth, it is natural for air pockets to form between the crystals. These air pockets cause a line of breakage made by cracking or splitting, called fissures or pits depending on their size and shape. In most cases, pitting is very minimal and will not cause any problem. If the fissures or pitting is deep enough, they are sealed with an epoxy-resin that is dyed to match the stone. This will not affect the integrity of the stone, and will even it out so it is smooth to touch—and in most cases, barely noticeable.

4. A-grade stone

Stones are graded at the quarry. A-grade stone is more consistent and uniform within the lot. B- and C-grade stones generally have more pits and fissures, and are not sealed. Naturally, we can always account for some variation in the stone, but it’s best to purchase from a company, like Granex, that purchases only A-grade stone.

5. Acid Etching

Another factor to consider when choosing your stone countertop is how it may change over time. Acidic products like tomatoes and lemons, can change the composition of stone over time requiring more maintenance and changing how the stone looks. This erosion, called acid etching, is most common in stones like marble and dolomite because of their magnesium or calcium carbonate makeup. Acid etching is more noticeable in dark marbles than lighter, or white marbles. Some people like the worn or patina look that occurs with these type of stones. Other people want a material, like granite, that will change less over time.

Seek an Industry Expert.

Choosing the right material for your countertop can be a challenge. Purchasing a slab of stone is not as easy as just finding something that looks good or will match your tile. When working with a retailer/fabricator, ask how they will ensure quality material from the quarries to fabrication, to installation. A deeper knowledge of natural stone will help you with your buying decision.

Let’s start a conversation. All of our sales associates at Granex can speak to these five factors, and can help you find your perfect stone. We are your experts from start to finish. We source only A-grade natural stone, we pride ourselves in quality fabrication and installation, and we are committed to providing the best service to our clients. Contact Granex Industries, Inc. to learn more.

“We want the memories—a stain tells a story. An imperfect surface is evidence of a life lived with abundance and joy.” The couple only wanted Carrara marble for their kitchen countertops, and as they were choosing a slab, we shared the truth about the classic, luxury surface: It’s not all that easy to maintain, and you can certainly expect some wear. This is a reminder that durable, beautiful marble also has some weaknesses.

Marble can react to acids because of its calcium carbonate composition. So, a squirt of lemon left on the countertop can etch the surface—acid eats away at the material and leaves a dull mark. Spill a bit of wine and forget to wipe immediately and you might end up with a mark of the evening’s activities.

Still, marble is high-quality and rich with character because every stone slab is different. In Eastern Europe, the home country of this couple, marble is the kitchen counter surface. And, its faults are viewed as assets. Marble that looks “lived in” with some etch marks and stains is like the antique secretary’s desk that bares a scratch or two, yet has history that a brand-new piece of furniture could never bring to a space.

“Are you sure you want the marble?” we asked the couple again, making sure they understood. It’s not perfect. The thing about marble is, its blemishes capture memories. Its imperfections are human. Its beauty is told in the marks and wear—and the couple appreciated all of this.

“At home, we could look at the kitchen counter and remember a wonderful party” the woman shared. She noticed that many Americans do not share an appreciation for the messy life. Since moving here, she saw how people preferred the clean, sterile look rather than lived-in and loved. “We are going to stain this stone, and we look forward to creating those memories in our house,” she said.

And, so, marble it was.

The Benefits of Marble

There are pros and cons to any stone surface, and marble is no exception. The benefits of marble are, it’s a natural stone that comes in a variety of colors and patterns, thanks to its characteristic veining. There are a range of marble species and cuts. No two slabs are alike, so you can achieve a truly unique stone surface.

Marble benefits:

• Density and durability

• Beauty with a range of colors and patterns

• Characteristic veining provides interesting design opportunities

• Available in various finishes: polished, honed and textured

Marble drawbacks:

• Acid can etch the surface

• Stains can set in the stone

• Not a uniform look like manufactured stone (quartz)

• Can be more expensive than comparable natural stones (like granite)

Selecting the Ideal Marble Surface
Marble is your choice, so how do you determine the best type, cut and finish? Ask yourself a few questions:

• Where will the marble surface be installed? (A kitchen? A bathroom?)

• Are you concerned about etching or do you appreciate marks of time?

• How long is the surface?

Location, location… Marble might be a best fit for surfaces that are not as likely to be exposed to acids or stained. The bathroom tends to be a “safer” spot for marble than the kitchen, if you’re hoping to keep the surface looking pristine. Marble is fantastic in kitchens, too, but there is some care involved.

Avoiding etching. A penetrating sealer can maintain the longevity of marble. And, by selecting a honed finish that is matte, etch marks can be more easily removed—or blend in. Etching is more obvious on a polished, shiny surface. On a honed surface, etch marks often can be removed with a scrub. (Professionals can remove etching on polished surfaces.)

Choosing a slab. How long is the countertop area? If a seam is necessary, there are ways the marble can be cut so marble can be book-matched. For example, a cross cut reveals a more free-flowing pattern that is easier to seam together. Designers can capitalize on marble’s veining to create striking effects—marble can be a beautiful focal point of a space.

Maintaining Marble Surfaces
Like any natural stone surface, marble does require some preparation and care so it will look its best over the long-term. Plan on using a penetrating sealer. Use an alkaline poultice for removing stains. (Note: this will strip the sealer, so it must be reapplied in the affected area.) Keep the marble surface clean—wipe up spills immediately. Marble is not the best surface for your child to do an art project with markers, unless you’re like the couple we met. They might actually enjoy seeing a little love left behind.

Make Memories with Marble

Marble is timeless and a go-to natural stone surface for many people who enjoy its beauty and don’t mind the charm that comes with an imperfection or few. Interested in exploring marble? Let’s talk. Contact Granex Industries, Inc. Better yet, stop in and we’ll give you a tour.